Socialization Nature Vs Nurture - 2317 Words

Socialization: Nature vs Nurture â€Å"Cut from the same cloth†, â€Å"The apple doesn’t fall far from the tree†, â€Å"A chip off the old block†; most of us have heard these types of idioms at one point or another, ways of likening us to our parents. Sometimes they are right, while other times it couldn’t be farther from the truth; leaving us to wonder, â€Å"what is it that makes us who we are?† Are we simply the product of our environments, a collective sum of our interactions and experiences? Or, do our genetics pre-determine who we are, complex variations in our DNA that dictate our individual personalities? Some scientists argue on behalf of the nurture theory, that our personalities are continually changing and growing, influenced by the world and people around us. Others believe that we are pre-wired by genetics alone, that while external factors may magnify or diminish some aspects of that wiring, everything we are is already programmed into us from the moment of c onception. So, who is right? Looking at the genetic role can pose a bit of a challenge. It isn’t plausible to remove outside influences and interactions from a child without risking irreparable damage to their development, and one cannot simply discount the socialization that has already occurred in an adult. So how do scientists solve these conflicting issues? By studying sets of identical twins separated at birth, children that have the same genetic makeup but were raised and socialized by different families in differentShow MoreRelatedSocialization : Explain Nature Vs Nurture Debate2070 Words   |  9 PagesEssay Socialization 1. DESCRIBE socialization, then EXPLAIN nature versus nurture debate. What is your position and why? What MAIN idea did each of the 6 theorists contribute to our understanding of human socialization? (You only need to give the top idea – for example: â€Å"Freud gave us a model of human personality.†) (Page #s) Socialization is the process of a person s personality throughout a lifetime viewed by experiences. Nurture VS. Nature debate how we develop our personality. Nurture is byRead MoreSociology Unit 3 text Questions Essay702 Words   |  3 Pages Review Questions What is socialization and why is it important for humans? Socialization is the process through which people learn the language, norms, values, behaviors and other aspects of culture that a particular society views as acceptable. It is important for humans because it allows us to learn about our culture and it contributes to our personality. What is anticipatory socialization? What is one example of this? Anticipatory socialization is the process when non-group members learnRead MoreChildren Do Not Come Into The World With Culture1718 Words   |  7 Pagestimely schedule. However, what happens when children are kept in isolation and are never taught how to fit into society? Feral children, children kept in severe isolation, give sociologists and psychologists a new perspective into the study of socialization (N.A. 2015). If a child does miss the crucial milestones in their social and psychological development, then it will be hard, nearing impossible, to ever actually catch up in their development. Because it is dangerous and harmful to pull someoneRead MoreSerial Killers1314 Words   |  6 Pagestoday is the debate over nature versus nurture. With that debate going on there are many topics that are being researched under it, like serial killers, and what drives them to do what they do. Many scientists are still researching whether or not if serial killers are driven by the way they were raised or if it is a part of their genes. This literature review will analyze what people think about the nature versus nurture debate. It will talk about the nature side and the nurture side of the debate.Read MoreEssay on Nature vs Nurture1052 Words   |  5 PagesNature vs. Nurture M. B. Liberty University Psychology 101 Nature vs. Nurture There has been extensive debate between scholars in the field of psychology surrounding the Nature vs. Nurture issue. Both nature and nurture determine who we are and neither is solely independent of the other. â€Å"As the area of a rectangle is determined by its length and its width, so do biology and experience together create us.†(Myers, 2008, p. 8) Carl Gustav Jung, and leading thinker and creator of analyticalRead MoreNature vs. Nurture1117 Words   |  5 PagesThe nature versus nurture debate is one of the oldest issues in sociology (Davidson, 1991, n.p.). The debate centers on the relative contributions of genetics and environmental factors to human behavior (Davidson, 1991, n.p.). Today, the majority of experts believe that behavior and development are influenced by both nature and nurture (Macionis, 2009, p. 73). The biggest question now is which one affects human development more: nature or nurture? According to Macionis (2009, p. 72), in the pastRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Nurture1405 Words   |  6 PagesDecember 2015 Nature vs. Nurture Very few people know that the nature vs. nurture debate actually began early on with famous Greek philosophers such as Plato and Descartes. These two theorized that certain things were inborn and occurred naturally regardless of environmental factors (Cherry 1). Most people began to witness this debate in 1896 when the phrase â€Å"Nature vs. Nurture† was coined by English polymath, Francis Galton (â€Å"Nature vs. Nurture†Origins 1). At this point the nature vs. nurture debate grewRead MoreThe Nature Vs. Nurture Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pagesavoidance of moral dangers; virtue is a vivid and separate thing, like pain or a particular smell.† In your years of education and â€Å"raising† children, I am positive that you have come across the â€Å"nature vs. nurture† debate and, as you are human, have most certainly faced peer pressure. When the nature vs. nurture debacle is combined with peer pressure, the result is the childhood bully who grows up to become America’s most prolific serial killer; while this may be an extreme case, similar situations ariseRead MoreGender Roles Of Early Childhood Development932 Words   |  4 Pagesbegin to understand what it means to be male or female (Aina Cameron). During these years, children are identifying with their â€Å"gender roles,† with the help of the family and the community â€Å"nature vs. nurture debate.† Children use their parents as role models and parents play a major part in gender socialization. In 1966, Lawrence Kohlberg conceived gender development as a three stage process in which children first learn their identity, gender stability and finally gender constancy, all at about sixRead MoreMy Personal Theory Of Counseling Essay996 Words   |  4 Pagesself-identity. The establishment of these components shape human nature, behavior, and the development of an individual’s purpose. The basis of these fundamentals has contributed to my desire to become a counselor. This paper will discuss my views of human nature, factors of behavior changes, goals of therapy, the roles of a therapist, and the counseling approaches that I chose to incorporate in a practice. The understanding of human nature is the concept that there is a set of inherent distinguishing

The And Responsibilities Of Leadership - 1219 Words

As a future Naval officer, I will be challenged with the duties and responsibilities of leadership daily. As a result, developing my leadership skills is essential to prepare for my future career in the United States Navy. Leadership can be learned two different ways: experience and formal study. Experience is arguably the best way to become a better leader; however, experience takes considerable time and effort to gain leadership positions and to learn from real-life experiences. Formal study of leadership is critical because it can help provide students with different tools to examine a situation from a variety of viewpoints. Using scientific studies and reading experiences from leaders past, one can more adequately prepare for leadership positions. In Leadership: Enhancing the Lessons of Experience, the most basic theory of leadership is based off of the interactional framework. The interactional framework describes leadership based on the essence of the leader, the followe rs, and the situation. Leadership is established and assessed based on these components. A person can grow as a leader by understanding each of the components in the interactional framework and learning how to develop each component to better the system as a whole. The first component in the interactional framework is the leader. Being a leader is certainly not an easy task, and even a more difficult duty if one strives to always grow and do better. John Paul Jones, in describing theShow MoreRelatedResponsibilities of Nco and Leadership999 Words   |  4 PagesResponsibilities of NCO and Leadership (Responsibility: is being accountable for what you do or fail to do.) Responsibilities of NCO Leadership is showing and leading by example. I failed to lead and show by example by not show up on time after lunch hours. During those times soldiers are showing up on time and looking for guidance and direction for the next task at hand for that day’s mission. As an NCO I have earned my position by leadership,Read MoreResponsibilities Of Management And Leadership2113 Words   |  9 PagesThe terms leadership and management are sometimes hard to differentiate, particularly as both roles share similar traits. However, it is important to remember that leaders and managers have different functions in an organisation and must fulfil different purposes, even when working towards the same goal. Leadership skills can be exhibited at any point during a nursing career. However, these skills are not always translatable to the role of manager, just as management skills are not always suitableRead MoreLeadership, Ethics And Social Responsibility1149 Words   |  5 PagesThis written analysis is research-based analysis on Everest Simulation, which analyse its individual and team experiences on Leadership, Ethics and Social Responsibility. The aim of Everest Simulation was to achieve personal goals and team goals, as climbing up to the summit. Not a ll members had a goal of reaching the summit, such as, Environmentalist and the Photographer. As being a physician in the simulation, 6 out of 10 marks were achieved and the total team score of 54% was achieved. ThroughoutRead MoreSchool Leadership Roles And Responsibilities10143 Words   |  41 PagesSchool leadership roles and responsibilities have continued be broadened and redefined in today’s society. In addition to the federal and state mandates for student proficiency in general populations of students and sub groups of populations, school leaders are being held responsible either directly or indirectly to shape the character and ethical fabric of today’s young people. School leaders are held accountable with high-stakes state assessments, parent and teacher surveys, and state requirementsRead MoreLeadership Qualities And Responsibilities Of A Nurse Manager769 Words   |  4 Pagespaper is to analyze how management and leadership qualities and roles differ in establishing and achieving organizational goals. Leadership behavior and management behavior will be discussed. Lastly, a rationale of effective manager and leadership behaviors will be described. Analysis of Management and Leadership Roles According to Marquis and Huston (2015), management functions include planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Leadership, however, is a process of persuadingRead MoreThe Bible s Leadership As A Responsibility And Service Essay1440 Words   |  6 Pagesand is thereby responsible for her actions as any father is. This is how and why Adam is to be blamed for original sin. Today, people tend to view leadership as some sort of great privilege. However, the bible describes leadership as a responsibility and service. This is best described in (Mark 10:41-45). This means that the husband being in a leadership makes him responsible for whatever happens among those under him. Despite the fact that this does not absolve Eve of all her guilt, it however, implicatesRead MoreResponsibilities Leadership And Human Capital Management1299 Words   |  6 PagesStephenie Bailey Midyear Self-Assessment Responsibilities Leadership and Human Capital Management This is my second year as temp manager in DCO. As a manager I like to create a work environment of professionalism where employees are treated with dignity and respect by providing quality leadership, adequate training, and effective support services. As a manager, I attended various formal training events on my level of leadership. I took a series of courses beginning with EQSP refresher trainingRead MoreRoles and Responsibilities of Leadership and Management in a Hospital1684 Words   |  7 PagesRoles and responsibilities of leadership and management in a hospital Introduction Leadership is a process in which a person influences others socially so that they can support him or her to accomplish a task that is common to them. It is not compulsory for a leader to have formal authority for them to be able to organize people in the achievement of this common task. There are several theories that attempt to describe the concept of leadership. These include: Early western history theory, RiseRead MoreLeadership Is A Shared Responsibility Of All Nurses930 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership in Practice Leadership is a shared responsibility of all nurses, regardless of job title, experience level, or area of practice. A strong nursing leader is an individual who thinks critically to evaluate their care, implements evidenced-based practice, advocates for their patients, practices within their full scope, and works to improve their skills throughout their career (Canadian Nurses Association, 2009). According to the Canadian Nurses Association s position statement on nursingRead MoreResponsibilities Leadership And Human Capital Management1289 Words   |  6 PagesResponsibilities Leadership and Human Capital Management This was my second year as a manager in Data Conversion Operation. I created a work environment of professionalism where employees were treated with dignity and respect by providing quality leadership, adequate training, and effective support services. As a manager, I attended various formal training events on my level of leadership. I took a series of courses beginning with EQSP refresher training and attended a Self-Assessment, training

Racism in America Today - 1933 Words

Racism has been a terrible problem in American society for hundreds of years. Racism issues are not limited to one specific race, but include all races. It is the responsibility of the people of this nation to address racism and learn to accept and embrace each other for our differences, and allow this great nation to become even more united for our sake and the sake of future generations. To eliminate racism it is imperative to know first, where racism started and how it has developed, why it continues to be present in our nation today, and what we must do as a people to overcome this major problem. History The Middle Passage was the system set up as a form of triangular trade that forced millions of innocent humans from their homes in†¦show more content†¦Many individuals wanted to be able to come to this country and be a part of the great opportunity that is presented in America. They wanted to embrace a country with freedom and with a democratic government. These are a few of the things that people from other countries can only hope for and dream that someday they might make the money for the documentation and be able pay for the trip over to this land of opportunity. There are many who make the trip with expectations in their heads of how wonderful it will be upon arrival to the United States. Unfortunately not all of these individuals receive a warm welcome upon entry to this country. Racism happens to every race. Depending on what race someone might be, or what town or city that person may go it is very possible that they will feel that they are not wanted there. In the f ollowing example Kevin Merida, a writer for the Washington Post, writes about an incident in his article, â€Å"Racist Incidents Give Some Obama Campaigners Pause.† While campaigning for Barack Obama in Indiana, Danielle Ross and her group experienced a horrible response that none of them expected. Ross recalled on that day that, The first person I encountered was like, Ill never vote for a black person.† This does not sound like racism is out of our mists. On a National Public Radio broadcast, RebeccaShow MoreRelatedEssay on Racism in America Today1316 Words   |  6 PagesThe legacy of past racism directed at blacks in the United States is more like a bacillus that we have failed to destroy, a live germ that not only continues to make some of us ill but retains the capacity to generate new strains of a disease for which we have no certain cure. - Stanford Historian George Frederickson. The population of the United States of America has been one of mixed race since its very beginning. Boatload upon boatload of enslaved Africans provided a labor force which wouldRead MoreEssay on Racism in America Today2249 Words   |  9 Pages â€Å"Racism can be defined as beliefs, attitudes, actions or behaviors that are based on phenotypic characteristics or ethnic affiliation†(Patcher, 2010). Racism is a struggle that, to this day, has continued to be a major issue. The color of someone’s skin alters how a person is perceived by society as a whole. Race is a social construct created by humans to categorize the world. (Ponds, 2013) The outlook on racism varies from community to community, family to family, and even person toRead MoreRacism in America Today Essay1048 Words   |  5 Pagescan you be so sure when you actually open your eyes and see reality. Rapper Kanye West once said â€Å"racism is still alive, they just be concealing it† and t hese words are everything but false. You must ask yourself the real question about racism and it is how could you ever cure such a thing in people’s minds? People are free to think and believe what ever they would like and old habits such as racism will never change in people. 1619, a date remembered by most African Americans (Afroamhistory).Read MoreRacism in America Today Essay954 Words   |  4 Pages Long walk to freedom? Although slavery is over and African Americans are in a better place today than they were years ago we still have long ways to go. There are still people out there that is praying for our downfall. There are still people out there who wants to harm us and make us extinct. Even though we’re allowed to go to school with whites there is still controversy with us being friends and even dating. Just like some Caucasians are racists there are some African Americans that are as wellRead MoreChristopher Columbus Persuasive Essay726 Words   |  3 Pages America. The â€Å"Land of the Free† and the â€Å"Home of the Brave.† Yet, is this country truly one where all can live freely? Free for the poor? Free for immigrants? Free for religious minorities? Free for people of color? The United States of America is a country that was created to allow for certain freedoms for all people, yet within its rich history and today’s world, our country has become a melting pot for prejudice, racism, and ignorance. As our world progresses further, it may seem as if thereRead MoreRacism in America Essay1121 Words   |  5 Pagesthough America prides itself on being this melting pot racism is still alive and well today. America is supposed to be the land of opportunity, the country that calls to so many; calling to them with the promise of freedom and prosperity, to live their lives as they see fit. As stated in the National Anthem, America is the land of the free and the home of the brave. America is the country where dreams c an come true. So if America has emerged as a single people and nation, why does racism stillRead MoreRacism in Our Society Essay examples1068 Words   |  5 PagesRacism in Our Society Race relations are becoming increasingly important in our civilization. Despite this increasing importance, the question, Is our society racist? is commonly debated. After investigating this subject, it is evident to me that American society is racist. There are various definitions of both racism and society. It is important to clearly define these terms when addressing such a controversial and emotional issue. Racism is defined by Merriam-Webster as a beliefRead MoreRacism And The Civil Rights Movement984 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is racism? By definition racism is the prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one s own race is superior. This is a big issue in America today. Many Americans believe that racism is over in this country because it had gone through a civil rights revolution but those people are more than wrong. Some people believe that just because America went through a civil rights movement that all racism is gone. That everything wasRead MoreRacism : Some Call It A Disease1153 Words   |  5 PagesRacism Some call it a â€Å"disease†, some consider it a way of life, and others want it to be gone. Racism has been around for centuries as a sensitive controversial topic among Americans. Racism comes from way back when before I was born and it shocks me that it s still a popular subject in this day an age. It has been brought to the countries attention and has gotten better, but hasn’t vanished and still remains. Everyone views racism differently and have different reasons to why racism may be presentRead MoreEssay about Racism: Then and Now991 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout history in America there has always been the idea of racism. When Americans think of racism, they usually think of slavery and that racism is no longer a problem in America. However, this is not the case. Racism is still very apparent in America. It is true that since the end of slavery, the U.S. has made great strides towards becoming a less racist country. In reality, racism will never be extinct. In today’s society, all American citizens of all races have the same rights as one another

Resources Linear Programming Model †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Resources Linear Programming Model. Answer: Introduction: There are several insights that can be gleaned from the video on linear programming. The rational decision making process involves different steps before the final decision is made logically. The rationality of the decision made is based on making choices between alternatives which is made using logic and rationality (Eisenfuhr, Weber Langer 2010, p.3). The other consideration that is factored in the process of decision making is to be objective and analytical. This is in contrast to using insight and subjectivity in the decision making process. The assumptions used are that the person making the decision has the time, ability and resources to evaluate the available alternatives. The rationality for making the decision is dependent on information which is perfect and unambiguous. The information available should avail all relevant data that will be used in making a rational decision (Eisenfuhr, Weber Langer 2010, p.10).In the case of the linear programming word problem, the relevant data are the costs of fat and protein and the content in each brand of cattle feed available (Patrick 2010). The decision is then made using five steps: formulating the goal, identifying criteria, analysis and decision making. The range of costs is reached as the goal that will guide the final decision made. There are several limitations in using linear programming. Determining the objective set out is often a complex undertaking in linear programming. Other constraints which are not set out within the variables may affect the final outcome of the programming (Gupta 2015, p.3). Some constraints used within the programming may not be expressible as inequalities in the linear programming. Another limitation is the hypothesis that assumes linear relations of the variables used. This may not be applicable for real life situations. Estimating the values of the constant co-efficient that are varied poses another limitation in using linear programming. The assumption that there is perfect competition in products and markets limits the use of this technique of analysis. The reality of life is that perfect competition is seldom achieved. The assumption based on the hypothesis of constant returns in a firm is wrong based on practical experience of production. Returns are either diminishing or increasing for most firms. The solutions presented with this technique are mostly presented as trial and error. It also has limitation for complex problems that require optimal solutions such as in economics. Practical application of linear programming Linear programming may be useful in several situations of decision making. In production processes, it can be used to solve problems of planning for production (Kanu, Ozurumba Emerole 2014). This helps the operations manager of a production facility to make decisions of how best to allocate resources that will maximize profit. The resources available may be in the form of raw materials, labour, and money. The outcomes that will be presented as solutions may be the profits return on investment and costs. The clearly defined variables will then assist in making a rational and logical decision. After the TED talk presentation by Ghemawat, my views on globalization have changed drastically. My previous assumptions were that the world was more integrated due to the use of technology. The term globalization was synonymous in my mind with increased global trade and normative cosmopolitanism (Sterri 2014, p.71). The use of social media was main driver of globalization that created new global citizens. The efficacy of the use of social media has been shown to have a small reach in creating global citizens based on friendship. Technology rests on frameworks of friendships already established and does necessarily create new friendships. The official data that has always been published as the metrics to show how globalized we are how been debunked as being wrong on different factors. Data on international calls, cross-border migration, export-to GDP ratio and investments have all been shown to be significantly lower than the official data (Ghemawat 2012). These statistical anomalies have been used to propagate the wrong assumptions that people have on globalization. The real figures which the talk presented are much lower and reflect the true state on globalization. We are not as globalized as we think, or the world is not flat according the presenter of the talk. The distorted view on globalization can be narrowed to several reasons. These reasons contribute to the wrong assumptions that people have on globalization, including me. The lack of credible data is one critical contributing reason (Ghemawat 2012). Peer pressure is another reason that makes people to postulate on a topic that they are ill informed. The last reason is what Ghemawat states is techno-trances (Ghemawat 2012).Having heard the same thing said over time, people tend to believe it in a form of subliminal programming and therefore may accept the lie on globalization. I agree that all my previous views have been wrong, ill informed and myopic. Question two- Fears on Globalization One of the fears is on immigration. The current wave of immigration from Africa and the Middle East has raised concerns in some counties as to the effect such immigration has on their populations. A good example is France which has a sizeable number of immigrants amongst all European countries. People in France have the assumption that currently immigrants account for around 24% of their population (Ghemawat 2012). Adida, Laitin Valfort (2014) state that this raises issues of internal security due to terrorism, religious intolerance and unemployment which may lead to problems of extremism and racism. Knowing the true figure which is 8% may assist in social inclusivity and reduce racial tensions in France. Another area of fear is in the sensitive topic of foreign aid. Most citizens of countries which engage in giving aid to less developed nations have misconceptions about the true figures spent by their government. Most Americans assume that the foreign aid from the federal budget is close to 30% while the true figure is about 1% (Ghemawat 2012). This includes military and other assistance on security (McBride 2017). Knowing the true material facts may push for the case of more money being allocated towards foreign aid. Ghemawat (2012), states that more aid that is channeled to developing nations may actualize the targets set out at the Rio Summit which was 20 years ago. Conclusion Rational decision making can be helpful for the management in making decisions in organizations. It assumes the person making the decision has cognitive ability and uses rationality and logic. Linear programming is a tool that can be used by mangers in making rational decisions. Available figures have tended to show that globalization has a greater impact on trade and immigration than is the reality. The true figures show the contrary and may help in reducing wrong fears and assumptions on aid given to poor countries and immigration. References Adida, C., Laitin, D., Lafort, M, 2014, The Muslim effect on integration and integration in France, The Washington Post, viewed 18 August 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2014/09/30/the-muslim-effect-on-immigrant-integration-in-france-2/?utm_term=.76a33d2e70b6 Eisenfuhr, F., Weber, M., Langer, T, 2010, Rational decision making, Berlin, Springer. Ghemawat, P, 2012, Actually, the world isnt flat, TEDGlobal, viewed 18 August 2017, https://www.ted.com/talks/pankaj_ghemawat_actually_the_world_isn_t_flat/details Gupta, D, 2015,Strategic allocation of resources using linear programming model with parametric analysis: in MATLAB and Excel Solver, Hamburg, Anchor Academic Publishing. Kanu, I., Ozurumba, B., Emerole, C, 2014, Application of linear programming techniques to practical decision making, viewed 18 August, https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/MTM/article/viewFile/15080/15205 McBride, J, 2017, How does the US spend its foreign aid, CFR, viewed on 18 August 2017, https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/how-does-us-spend-its-foreign-aid Patrick, JMT, 2010, Linear programming word problem -Example 1, viewed 18 August, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ACJ9ewUC6U Sterri, A., B, 2014, Global citizen-- challenges and responsibility in an interconnected world, Rotterdam, Sense Publishers.

Historical Political Event The Marshall Plan

Table of Contents Abstract Introduction Overview of the Marshall Plan Motivations Behind the Plan Impact of the Marshall Plan Conclusion References Abstract The paper discusses the Marshall plan of 1947 as a major historical political event of the United States. It begins by acknowledging that this plan was developed from the realization by American policy makers that Europe required aid in order to recover form the devastations caused by the war.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Historical Political Event: The Marshall Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The plan was proposed by the then secretary of state, George Marshall who stated that Europe’s weakened economy made her vulnerable to economic and political collapse (Cox Kennedy-Pipe, 2005). European countries were required to collectively come up with a proposal on the type of aid required and then notify the US. As such, European cooperatio n was a prerequisite for receiving aid through the plan (Scott, 1995). The paper recognizes that the Marshall Plan was a comprehensive scheme that was proposed for a number of reasons. The first was that the rate of recovery following the War was very slow. Cox and Kennedy-Pipe (2005) state that the US had interest in the recovery of European economy since such a recovery had impacts on its long term economic well being. The aid would also strengthen economies and thus prevent the outbreak of another war. The Marshall plan was also used as a tool for the containment policy which sought to curb Soviet expansionism and influence in the continent. The plan also hoped to prevent nationalistic sentiments that had previously led to the rise of the NAZI party. The paper also reviews some of the positive and negative outcomes of the Marshall Plan. On the positive, the plan is seen to have resulted in the successful reconstruction of Western Europe. The plan also lad the ground works for the integration of European nations, a plan which has culminated in the emergence of the European Union.Advertising Looking for term paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The plan also acted as a reconciliation tool and former wartime enemies were able to work together in cooperation for the development of the continent. American capitalism was also embedded in European values as a result of the Marshall Plan. On the negative, the paper notes that the plan was a catalyst to the outbreak of the Cold War. The plan also led to the division of Germany into East and West (Chollet Goldgeier, 2006). The paper concludes by reasserting that the Marshall plan played a monumental role in the revival of Europe and is to be credited with the lasting peace and prosperity that the European countries enjoy. Introduction In its history, the United States of America has had a number of significant political events which have had major consequences for the country and even the international community. One of these monumental events in the political history of the US is the Marshall Plan of 1947. This plan which was designed by the then Secretary of State, George Marshall, is considered by many to be the most successful aid plan implemented by the US. Through the Marshall Plan, American leaders were able to recast the war-torn Europe in the image of American neocapitalism (Hogan, 1985). As a result of this plan, West Europe was able to quickly recover from the wartime devastations. This paper will set out to articulate what the Marshall Plan was and the reasons for its implementation. The impacts that this plan had on the recipient countries in Europe will also be discussed so as to reaffirm the significance of this political event.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Historical Political Event: The Marshall Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn Mor e Overview of the Marshall Plan What became known as the Marshall Plan was announced during the Harvard University address by George Marshall in 5 June, 1947. The US government was concerned that the economic deterioration experienced by Europe after the war had made the continent weak and therefore vulnerable to economic and political collapse. President Truman engaged in active delegation by relying on the expertise of Marshall to come up with the European Recovery Program (ERP) (Cottam et al., 2009). This plan would be a comprehensive scheme that provided â€Å"mutual aid† and joint action in Europe as a whole with the intention of pointing Europeans in the right direction (Hogan, 1985, p.46). European countries were therefore called upon to consult with each other on the type of aid that they needed in order to recover and then notify the US which was prepared to offer financial aid to assist in the recovery. An assessment of the conditions in Europe revealed that the c ontinent was in genuine need of assistance. May (1948) states that the US had a sufficient margin to offer this assistance since the US had been experiencing economic growth since the prewar years and even during the war years. Adopting a capitalistic economy was a major precondition that a country had to fulfill before it could be eligible for aid from the US. Motivations Behind the Plan Two years after the end of the Second World War, Europe was still lagging behind economically and reconstruction efforts were going on at a slow pace.Advertising Looking for term paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Following these deteriorating economic and political realities in Europe following the war, the US felt compelled to act. Cox and Kennedy-Pipe (2005) contend that while the motives behind the generous offer by the US were complex, the primary objective was to stabilize Western Europe. This stabilization was to be achieved through economic reconstruction and political cooperation among the Western European states. A huge motivation for the ERP was US self-interest. Hogan (1985) who was a chief historian of the plan declared that the measure â€Å"rested squarely on an American conviction that European economic recovery was essential to the long-term interests of the United States† (49). The US recognized that a stable Europe was best for her prosperity since any European war would involve the US (Cottam et al., 2009). Assisting Europe through the ERP was therefore seen as a partly self-serving act. The Marshall Plan effectively promised American aid to a European Recovery Prog ram that would be designed to establish a solid economic foundation for European States (May, 1948). The ERP also aimed at curtailing Soviet influence in Europe. In the postwar years, the Soviet Union was the most economically and politically potent force in Europe. The US was concerned that the Soviet Union would make attempts to influence the weakened European states and export her communist ideals to these countries. The British Foreign Secretary, Ernest Bevin made the case that without economic aid, Britain and indeed the whole of Europe would be unable to resist Soviet pressure (Cox Kennedy-Pipe, 2005). As such, the Marshall plan was to be used as a tool by the US to combat Soviet influence without resorting to military action. The Marshall Plan hoped to prevent nationalistic sentiments among European citizens. Cottam et al (2009) declare that nationalism is one of the most dangerous sources of political behavior in the 20th century. The poor economic state of Europe resulted in inflation and decreased quality of living which were conditions that encouraged nationalistic tendencies. Nationalistic tendencies could result in popular support for militant nationalism which would be detrimental to European peace (Hogan, 1985). For example, German nationalism had been to blame for WWII since it was nationalistic sentiments which had led to mass voting for the Nazis. The Marshall plan recognized the link between economics and militant nationalism and therefore sort to prevent nationalism by easing the burdens of the war devastated Europe. Ekovich (2006) proposes that the US was interested in seeing an integrated European since the country owed its success to the political and economic integration which had come about from the unification of the colonies. American politicians therefore hoped to influence the unification of Europe through the aid plan. While it was emphasized that the initiatives towards unification should come from the European countries themsel ves, the US attempted to influence this with the Truman Administration pushing for European integration at least on an economic level. Impact of the Marshall Plan Positive Impacts The Marshall Plan had a number of positive impacts on Europe. Perhaps the most important outcome of the Marshall Plan is that it led to the successful reconstruction of Western Europe with the countries achieving significant economic growth. While there is disagreement as to the effectiveness of the plan with some opponents suggesting that it resulted in the wasted of over $12 billion of tax payer money, there is general agreement that the plan provided the necessary support to revive the European economy (Hogan, 1985). The plan laid the ground works for the integration of European nations. Through the Marshall Plan, American policy makers attempted to integrate Europe in order to create the era of â€Å"lasting peace and prosperity† (Hogan, 1985). Cottam et al. (2009) demonstrate that long-term s olutions to conflicts can be achieved through developing common identities. Integration strategies are therefore best suited to restore harmony between antagonistic parties. These integration efforts were pushed forward through strategies such as the establishment of collective responsibility for reviewing national requirements for all the countries that received aid under the Marshall Plan. European countries were required to form an international economic infrastructure before they could be eligible for aid from the US. The Marshall Plan also acted as a reconciliation tool for the former war-time enemies. Cottam et al. (2009) state that reconciliation calls for a changed psychological orientation towards the other. The Marshall plan forced the European nations to regard each others as partners in development. Through the plan, the US forced the major antagonists in the war, German, France, and Britain to come up with a way to work together (Ekovich, 2006). At the onset of negotiat ions, France was opposed to having Germany as part of the proposed European Economic Union and it sought to have the country excluded from the aid plans. However, US applied diplomatic pressure to foster peaceful cooperation between the former enemies and by the end; France and Germany were able to work together in a mutually beneficial way. The Marshal Plan increased confidence in the American capitalism ideal which had not been fully embraced by Western European countries such as France. From the onset, the plan required recipient states to adopt a capitalistic economy to make them eligible for aid. By the end of the plan, Western Europe emerged as the economic power which increased the continent’s faith in a capitalistic economic system. The plan was therefore instrumental in saving the European states which had suffered huge devastations in the war from the influence of the Soviet Union. Negative Impacts Historians agree that the Marshall plan was the key catalyst to th e outbreak of the Cold War which lasted for decades. This is because the Cold War began after the plan was announced the Soviet Union together with East European states decided not to participate. Scott (1995) asserts that the Marshall Plan effectively â€Å"divided Europe into two competing blocs, each led by one of the emergent superpowers† (p.22). The adversity between these two blocs lasted for over 5 decades and resulted in many proxy wars and establishment of spheres of influence by the two powers. The cold war resulted in massive military buildups on both sides due to the suspicion with which each side regarded the other (Cottam et al., 2009). The Marshall Plan was also responsible for the splitting of Germany into two parts. Chollet and Goldgeier (2006) argue that since US and British officials hoped to keep Moscow out of the plan, they were unable to gain the cooperation of the Soviet Union and therefore keep Germany intact. This move had negative impacts on the peop le of Eastern Germany who were left vulnerable to the Communist forces. East Germany continued to lag behind economically compared to West German and this situation only started to reverse itself after the fall of the Berlin Wall. Conclusion This paper set out to discuss the Marshall Plan of 1947 as a significant historical political event. It has shown that a major goal of the plan was to stabilize Western Europe and foster future peace and prosperity for the region. The Plan achieved its objectives and led to the emergence of a strong and stable Europe. The paper has demonstrated how the US used the Marshall plan as a tool for reconciliation among the former wartime enemies with great success. However, not all the impacts of the plan were positive and it has been noted that the Marshall plan precipitated the Cold War due to Russia’s refusal to associate herself with the plan. From this paper, it is clear that the purposes of the Marshall Plan were multiple and the consequen ces of the plan were monumental. References Chollet, D. Goldgeier, J.M. (2006). The Faulty Premises of the Next Marshall Plan. Washington Quarterly, 29(1), 7-19. Cottam, M., Dietz-Uhler, B. Mastors, E. (2009). Introduction to Political Psychology. NY: Psychology Press. Cox, M. Kennedy-Pipe, C. (2005). The Tragedy of American Diplomacy? Rethinking the Marshall Plan. Journal of Cold War Studies, 7(1), 97-134. Ekovich, S. (2006). American views of European Integration: A Brief History. NY: JEL. Hogan, J.M. (1985). American Marshall Planners and the Search for a European Neocapitalism. Journal of American Historical Review. 90(1), 44-73 May, S. (1948). Measuring the Marshall Plan. Foreign Affairs. 26(3), 457-469. Scott, P. (1995). Soviet reaction to the Marshall Plan: Opportunity or Threat? Problems of Post-communism, 42(5), 22-31. This term paper on Historical Political Event: The Marshall Plan was written and submitted by user Heath Hahn to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Volcanoes, Active essays

Volcanoes, Active essays Throughout the world, there are various volcanoes that erupt daily. Scientists called vulcanologists study these volcanoes rigorously. These scientists, from either the United States Geological Survey or other foreign groups, study and observe these volcanoes to ensure that people in close proximity to these natural disasters are not put in any immediate danger. One active volcano is named Shiveluch. This volcano lies on the Kamchatka Peninsula, and is one of Russias largest volcanoes. Along with being one of Russias largest volcanoes, it is also one of the Holocenes (the earliest epoch in the Cenozoic era) most active volcanoes accredited with over 60 large eruptions. Its most recent major eruption was recorded back in 1997. Since then it has emitted several major and minor plumes of smoke, ash, and other volcanic debris. Such expulsions are deemed normal and as such the volcano retains the level-of-concern color code of yellow. Shiveluch is an andesitic volcano. Its mostly made up of plagioclase feldspar, clinopyroxene or orthopyroxene, and a small amount of hornblende. While these are the primary minerals, Andesite lava is also known to contain olivine. The andesitic magma that is usually expelled from stratovolcanoes emerges as thick lava flows that grow to be very large in length. It can also produce massive explosive bursts that turn into pyroclastic flows and surges and enormous eruption columns. The erupting point of Andesite lava tends to fluctuate anywhere from 900 and 1100 degrees Celsius. Shiveluch is a stratovolcano that stands 3,283 meters above sea level. While this volcano has never taken any human lives in the past, there is a small town that sits at the base of the volcano a mere 50 km away. Since this volcano is located along many major aircraft routes across eastern Russia, it is watched and monitored very closely by the Civil Defense Department of Russia. This...

Homework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

Homework - Essay Example She feared about how she would go about her life if Marty got married. This is also emphasized by the words of her sister who is a widow when she sought Marty’s mother’s companionship. She asked what her sister would do if her son, Marty got married. Therefore, in addition, Marty’s mother also represents the old-aged loners, not only to the singles but separated, divorced or widowed wives as well who would know and understand the difficulties people with similar circumstances undergo. In response to this character, Marty’s mother became like his son in the story who bore the burden of having a family living with him/her. The woman also portrays the fears of those approaching their old age as they think about their children having their own families. They worry about who would take care of them when they would be sick or helpless. Perhaps for one reason, Marty’s mother agreed to the request of her sister because she made sense in saying that in case Marty were to marry, they would be there for each other. It is also possible that she considered her because she wants to do to others as she would want them to do, knowing that she is in a similar dire situation as her sister. It is ridiculous to consider how prejudiced people have been during the 1950s. I always thought that racism was the worst during those times but knowing about how people looked at unmarried men, it just strikes me as senseless. The portrayal of the relationship between Marty and Angie is an effect of the prejudice that happened during that time. Being single at an age when they were supposed to be raising children, perhaps Angie considered himself made for his male friends who had the same dilemma that is why he acted strangely towards Marty. It could also be possible that he felt jealous of Marty or threatened that soon, his friend will be leaving him when his relationship with Clara